Artificial fabric



m5 E .j @571,579

' N. L DURYEA v ARTIFICIAL' FABRIC Filed sept. so, 1921 Patented Feb. 2, 1926.

UNITED STATES l 1,571,579 PATENT OFFICE.

NINA L( DURYEA, F STOCKBRIDG-E, MASSACHUSETTB- 'ARTIFICIAL nasale.

i .Application med september eo, 1921. serial nu. 504,409.

` ries, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to fabricated materials, having reference more particularly to fabrics in which the libres are laid in relatively different directions.

The product forming the subjectmatter-o my present invention may be produced by a process for which I have obtained-Patent No. 1,505,546, dated August 19, 1924 which constitutes only one ofthe many waysin 'which the fibres of my improved fabric may he composed.

It is well known that the tearing strength of most cloths and fabrics is largely affected by the arrangement of the fibrous constituentsthereof, of which it is an equally well recognized corollary that the tearing resistance of a given fibrous material is greater transversely to the predominating direction of its fibres than in a line parallel therewith.

In the prevailing practice relative to the vformation of felts the cotton or wool fibres are assembled in the same general direction, and irrespective of the strength of its other constituents, portions of a felted fabric can be readily ripped or peeled ofil from the remaining rtions of the material by following the d1rection ofthe fibres. On the other hand the same piece of felted materia1wi1l develop an increased strength of resistancel if the attempt be made to rip apart the portions com arison.

, y improved material is characterized by ric comprises a vfelted material in which the fibrous components are pre-arranged to run in strata, the fibres of one stratum running in a general direction dierentfrom mg stra arming subaantauyin a vthose of other strata.

To consider my invention, in its sim lest form it would have a thin fibrous layer avg1ven in the direction substantiallvat right angles to that first described for the present vare the same in all t direction, having interposed immediatel upon its surface a similar layer .with its bres disposed at predetermined angles to those of the first mentioned layer.

The layers thus composed, when united with a suitable binding material, would form a strong, thin fabric that would resist a con-v siderable tearing stress, and would have other useful qualities not possessed by an ordinary body of felt and be much less expensive to manufacture than if woven.

In its preferred form my improved fabric A has a more diversified fibrous arrangement than last above described.' I find that greaterstrength and durability results from having not less than three layers or strata of fibrous sheets in which the fibres of one sheet cut at less than a right angle intersection those-of the immediately adjacent layer or layers.

Thus lwhen three component sheets or layers are used, the fibres of each sheet are preferably laid at thirty degrees'declivity ,to those of both other sheets, contributing more uniformity of resistance to tearing strains. layers, obviously the angle of contact of the fibres of succeeding layers may be varied at pleasure, but preferably the crossing back and forth of the fibres should follow the When 'a greater number than three l general arrangement indicated above, name'- tive of ni-preferred embodiment of'my in vention,

L' Figure 1 is a partial plan view of a por. tlon of a roll of material made up from two component strips orsheets;

Fig. 2 shows a similar roll composed of three distinct strips;

Figs'. 3 and 4 are transverse sectional views on lines 3 3 and-4 4 of Figs. 1 and 2, respectively; and

Fig-..5 is a .longitudinal section o1; line.

5,-.5 of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 1 redpresents a rollof material made. 1n accor ance with my invention, comprisingl the three layers of strata 2, `3 and 4, eac .of which layers is com osed of fibres whlch ve strata but for convenience of referencev I shall distingulsh by the characters 5, 5' and 5" respectively, the

fibres 5 'those running longitudinallyeand y tlie libres 5 and Al5" arecontamed in l spective"overlapping'layers 'and run diag6' Afibres first cross in one general direction and '.In the drawin As I have shown the fibres 5 immediately adjacent bothsurfaces of the longitudinally' disposed fibres', while the.

fibres 5bare superimposed transversely uponv the fibres 5 and likewise are ad]acent both of the sides thereof. "lhat is to say, the

fibres 5a as shown in Fig'. l cross the fibres 5 at substantially a declivity of 30 degreess .relatively thereto throughout the entirel length of the bolt of my material, but these are thus turned over the edge in my preferred structure and run 1n a reversed d1- rection. n

The fibres 5b. on theA Otmar hand, in the preferredfform of luy-improvement, cross the fibres 5 upon which they are' immediately imposed and following the general ar.-

-rangement of th fibres 5 these fibres 5b of u the stratum 14 run thus diagonally upon the y respective fiat'surfaces of the strata 3.

the layers.

' Yet it is contemplated that the sheets of my material by reason of the running of the In the foregoing arrangement of the layers 2,' 3 and 4 it has been seen that these constitute my preferred construction of the 'fabric ofmy present invention. -Thus `a selvedge xis provided that increases the resistance efficiency of the material both against tearing and splitting and peeling of fibres in divergent directions possess the qualityof tear resistance in practically all directions and throughout all portions thereofirrespective of the selvedge construction and hence, while in certain respects and to a definite degree these layers may be composed with advantageous 'results following the arrangement hereinbefore described, this isnot indispensable. y,

1 It will be obvious, therfore, that the general arran ement Jof the brons layers may be modie,

and I accordingly point out, for

example, the following manner whereinv this l feature of -my improved fabric may be v .changed without departure -from the essential features of my invention.

Thus, the fibres 5 of the layer 3 may'allbe laid upon one side only 'of the layer 2,

which for the convenience of description may be termed .the basic layer. In applying. V

the layer 3 it may be turned back upon itself.

along the edge ofthe basic stratum and its fibres made 'to cross. at ,any-'desired angle the first laid fibres of this'same layer.

Furthermore it will'be apparent that the number of superimposed layers may be increasedas desired, but it` is deemed sufficient merely for the purpose of describin the. essential properties of my improve A fabric ,to .show fibres running in not more than threegdifferent angular directions.

" In whatever arrangements the fibrous layers may b e disposed, the fibres of the several Vlayers are Vimpregnated with .the usual binding `and filling materials and are compressed into asingle compact sheet of the required Ithickness-'and upon either or both surfaces of rthe fabric thus formed may be added 'a surface of oil, rubber or other material in imitation of various materials such as leath- Eers, cloths, papers, and. similar fabrics. v

Having described my invention. what T claim is:

- i NINA L. DURYEA. 

